Which rodent is primarily associated with disease transmission in urban environments?

The Norway rat is primarily associated with disease transmission in urban environments due to its close association with human habitation and its ability to thrive in urban settings. This species is known to carry a variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to humans, making them a significant public health concern. Diseases associated with Norway rats include leptospirosis, hantavirus, salmonella, and rat-bite fever, among others.

Their preference for living in sewers, basements, and other areas that are easily accessible to humans increases the likelihood of encounters, leading to potential disease transmission. Furthermore, Norway rats tend to breed prolifically and mature quickly, which allows their populations to grow rapidly in urban environments, exacerbating the risks they pose.

While the other rodents listed can also be found in urban areas and can transmit diseases, the Norway rat's prominence in disease transmission specifically linked to urban living conditions makes it the most significant concern in this context.