Where do European hornets typically build their nests?

European hornets typically build their nests in cavities, which can include hollow trees, wall voids, or other sheltered areas that provide protection from the elements and predators. These nests are often constructed in locations that are not easily accessible, which helps to ensure the safety of the hornets and their developing larvae.

Building nests in cavities allows them to create a protected environment where the queen can lay eggs and the worker hornets can care for the colony. Other potential nesting sites, such as in rafters, trees, shrubs, or under eaves, are less common for European hornets, as they prefer the enclosed spaces offered by cavities. This preference for cavities is crucial for the survival and success of their colony.